How to Setup a Hub,Node and parallel execution for Selenium Grid

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How to Setup a Hub and Node for Selenium Grid

Selenium Grid allows us to execute our tests in multiple machines (physical / virtual) and multiple browsers with different versions, which dramatically speeds up test execution and helps in reducing total amount of time required for test execution.
For example, if we have a script that takes 100 minutes to execute sequentially , we could break that down to 10 short tests script run across 10 machines, and can complete them in 10 minutes without copying your test code to the other machine.
A grid consists of a single hub, and one or more nodes, Hub and Node are the two main elements that you come across when using grid. Download selenium grid and selenium server.

Hub the Hub is the central point which will receive all the test requests along with information on which browser, platform (i.e. WINDOWS, LINUX, etc) and where the test should be run. Based on the request received, it will distribute them to the registered nodes.

Command to start a hub with default parameters -java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.48.2.jar -role hub

After starting the hub, we can view the status of the hub by opening any browser window and navigating to: http://localhost:4444/grid/console . If you have used any other port, you need to mention that port value instead of default port 4444

Below is the command to register node with a Hub. If we are not specifying any parameters when starting node, it defaults to 5555 whenever "-role" option is provided and is not hub.

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.48.2.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444/grid/register

When the hub is running in the same machine, we use ‘localhost’ for node. If Hub and Node are running on separate machines, we have to register Node using the hostname of the remote machine running the hub.
We have done with starting the Hub and Registering Nodes with the Hub. Now we need to run our tests with Selenium Grid, For webdriver nodes, we need to use the RemoteWebDriver and DesiredCapabilities object to define which browser, version of the browser and platform (OS - Windows / LINUX etc) that we want to run our tests.
Based on preferences that we set in the DesiredCapabilities instance, the Hub will point our tests to a node that matches with these preferences. If we specify capabilities that do not exist on our grid then there will be no match and the test will fail to run.
Why we need to use RemoteWebdriver Not the webdriver ?
If we use driver (FirefoxDriver / ChromeDriver / or other) not RemoteWebDriver, it will just assume that the communication to the browser is local. Example: - Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Using this, driver will access Firefox browser which is available on the local machine.
If we use RemoteWebDriver, it requires us to specify where the Selenium Server is located and on which web browser we want to execute our tests. For example,
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), DesiredCapabilities.firefox());

Execute webdriver tests in Parallel using selenium Grid

We will register multiple nodes to the Hub and execute tests in parallel. In the below example we will register a node in the same local machine where hub is running and other node in remote machine.
We will register node 1 in local machine with the below command:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.48.2.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444/grid/register
We will register node 2 with the below command in remote machine. In the below command, need to pass a parameter by passing JVM properties using the -D flag along with chrome driver path , so that when ever there is a request to execute in chrome driver, Hub will send the request to this node. And here we have to mention the IP address of the machine where the hub is running as we are starting this node in remote machine.

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.48.2.jar -role node -hub http://10.0.0.6:4444/grid/register -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=.\chromedriver.exe


Now to execute these tests, we need to create testng.xml file as below and set parallel="tests" with parameter browser for each test
Create two test classes ParallelTestA and ParallelTestB with different browser @Parameter
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Main Test Suite" parallel="tests" verbose="1">
<test name="Grid firefox Test">
<parameter name="browser" value="firefox" />
<classes>
<class name="com.test.ParallelTestA" />
</classes>
</test>
<test name="Grid chrome Test">
<parameter name="browser" value="chrome" />
<classes>
<class name="com.test.ParallelTestB" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>


There are many other parameters for browser settings that we can pass when registering node to hub. When ever we use -browser parameter, the default browsers will be ignored and only what we specify in command line will be used.
Example :
-browser browserName=firefox,version=30,maxInstances=5,platform=WIN8_1




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